The information extraction of urban features is important for managers and city planners. In this way, we can use remote sensing data and related methods in order to detection of these features efficiently. In this study, Object-based and pixel-based detection of urban features is done by integration of LIDAR data and large-scale aerial optical images at the level of decision. Pixelbased and object-based analysis is done based on decision tree classification with consideration of shadow and without it. This study demonstrates ability of LIDAR data to solve problems caused by the shadow in urban area. The accuracy of object based method is more than pixel based method in two classifications. In object based analysis over all accuracy in both classifications are similar, but classification with shadow class is better than other method. Over all accuracy of pixel-based classification without shadow class is 0.91 which is the highest accuracy in pixel-based analysis.

Introduction: According to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), children with Cerebral palsy may have considerable impairments and limitations in all levels of body structure and functioning, activity, and participation in social roles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adapted constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) on outcome measurements based on ICF levels.Materials and Methods: In a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 28 participants who met preset inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups: CIMT and the controls. Subjects in CIMT group were provided with the intervention for 10 out of 12 consecutive days and another group received routine occupational therapy services. Independent-sample t test and paired-sample t test were used for statistical analysis of data.Results: At ICF level of body structure and function, significant differences in shoulder muscle tone and forearm and wrist passive range of motion (PROM) were found between the two studied groups. At activity and participation levels, similar differences were also indicated in dexterity, bilateral coordination, bimanual coordination and Caregiver Functional Use Survey (how well & how frequently) (P<0.05).Conclusion: Implementing the adapted constraint induced movement therapy protocol through a child friendly approach was proved to improve hand functions and activities of daily living.

The present research was carried out with the aim of identification and separation of zizyphus spina christi and Astragalus sp. species as well as providing a distribution map of the mentioned species using UltraCam-D digital images in a part of the mountainous Bushehr province. Different techniques of enhancement were applied including Texture Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and ratio of the bands. Five band groups were selected including main bands, band set obtained from image texture analysis, main bands along with indices and the first obtained band from PCA and a collection of the best bands obtained from OIF. The training samples were produced through field method. Then, 70% of the samples were applied for various classifier pixelbased algorithms including, Mahalanobis Distance classification, Maximum Likelihood classification, Neural Net Classification, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest classification. Verification of the results was carried out using 30% of actual ground samples. Results of assesment of images classified by various algorithm showed that the maximum overall accuracy (85. 69%) and kappa coefficient (0. 72) in separating the three classes of zizyphus spina christi, Astragalus sp. and soil from the other mixed vegetation cover are for classification by Mahalanobis Distance Classification algorithm applied on group of four main band, PC1, NDVI and SAVI. In general, the results of classification by pixel-based method represent proper efficiency of UltraCam-D digital data for identification and separation of desert regions species particularly zizyphus spina christi from Astragalus sp and shrub species.

Land use mapping is the basic tools for administrators and land planners. Severd methods have been proposed for land-use mapping. The latest and most important methods is using remotey sensed data for Land-use mapping. The aim of this study was performance evaluation of the pixelbased classification. (Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network and decision tree Methods) and objectoriented classification methods and using Landsat 8 image of 2013 for land-use mapping of arid and sem-iarid regions of Meimeh Ilam. Different land use classes were difined using training samples comperison of classification results of three different methods of fuzzy ARTMAP neural network, Gini decision tree and Object-oriented Show that the object-oriented approach, has overall accuracy of 95.30 and Kappa coefficient of 90.88, and Gini tree decision and Fuzzy ARTMAP Neural Network methods has overall accuracy of 80.32 and 72.20 and Kappa coefficient of 68.75 and 36.18, respectively thus, object-oriented classification method having a difference in overall accuracy 14.98% and 23.1% and Kappa coefficient of 22.13% and 54.7% has a higher accuracy compared with the Gini decision tree and fuzzy ARTMAP neural network. Map area defined by the three methods of classification, are similar in farmlands, poor rangeland, and urban area. The greatest differences were observed in area of medium rangeland and minimum differences were related to the urban area.

Identifying the different habitats in wetlands is essential for their protection. This research was carried out with the aim of classifying habitat areas of Maharlu wetland in Fars province using MedWet, Mediterranean Wetland Habitat Classification System. Information on dominant vegetation cover, soil, and hydrology of the wetland was prepared using field surveys. The data on the water regime were obtained with quarterly satellite images from 2016-2019 in remote sensing media using ArcGIS. Sampling was performed for wetland plants and lake bed outcrops from 39 stations in May 2020. Plants were identified and classified on the basis of being an annual or perennial presence and submerged or floating. By stacking this information in ILWIS, different habitat zones were separated. Each was then specified using habitat international standard codes, and habitat maps were prepared. In total, 42 habitats were identified in the Maharlu wetland. The most prevalent habitats were palustrine–emergent–persistent–seasonally flooded–Mixosaline– (P-EPSX-) (14,797,300 m2), palustrine–emergent–persistent–temporarily flooded– Mixosaline (P-EPSX-) (296,600 m2), lacustrine–littoral–emergent–persistent–seasonally flooded–mixosaline– (LLEPSX) (2,079,900 m2), and lacustrine–littoral–emergent–persistent–Semipermanently flooded–mixosaline– (LLEPLX-) (493,000 m2). The results of this research in recognizing habitats are useful for the protection of ecosystem sections, especially plant communities.

Objective: The science classification and library bibliographic classification are the two well-known study fields, the first, subject to science field and the second subject to Library and Information Science field. These two concepts are very close to each other. Regardless of the connection between these two, there exist fundamental questions, to name one: what is the need for compilation of science classification systems or library bibliographic classification schedules? There are many studies on these tow schemes, which can be divided into the following four categories: 1) Discussing the general issues (like definition, necessity and challenges), 2) describing one or more classification systems, 3) analyzing the perspectives of Islam and Muslims, and 4) specifying the components of science classification or library-bibliographic classification as to interdisciplinary fields and the theories thereof. In none of the existing works, a combination of these two… is studied in a comprehensive and detailed sense. Accordingly, this study aims at running a comparative study of science classification systems and library bibliographic classification schedules in the context of the time trends, thematic tendencies of the designers, the approaches and classification criteria, the count of branches and their efficiency and influence thereof. Methodology: The two documentary and content analysis methods are adopted here. In the documentary analysis section, a collection of relevant documents is identified through a targeted sampling method. In the content analysis, quantitative and qualitative methods are applied. According to the purpose and type of research, the census method is applied. Finding: The review run on the texts led to the identification of 99 science classification systems and 57 library bibliographic classification schedules. The climax of the science classification systems formation is toured in the Middle Ages with a frequency of 45 (46. 39%) and the library bibliographic classification schedules climax is toured in the contemporary age with a frequency of 29 (51. 78%). In terms of expertise and subject area, 54 percent of science classification systems are developed by philosophers and 42 percent of library bibliographic classification schedules are developed by librarians. In terms of classification systems criteria, the "religious-orientation" with frequency of 11 classifications for the science classification systems and the "subject-orientation" with frequency of 9 classification for library-bibliographic classification schedules top other criteria. The count of developers of science classification system are influenced by Farabi, an Iranian philosopher, is 14. The count of the same influenced by Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, is seven. As to library bibliographic classification schedules, the most influential person is Francis Bacon. In the science classification systems, 35. 38 percent (23 cases), are divided into two categories, while in the library bibliographic classification schedules, most of the sub-categories are quartet and decimalized (each are with 13. 63 percent (6 classifications). Conclusion: Comparing these two classification systems according to these criteria provides an appropriate perspective of these systems from the beginning to the present. Therefore, the results of this research can be applied to the country's scientific policies in the field of science classification systems and library bibliographic classification schedules. Regardless of the relation between these two systems, there are fundamental questions about these two domains. Among them, one can point to the question of whether the necessity of codification of classification systems of science or library bibliographic classification schemes is right?

Introduction: Anemia is the reduction of normal number of red bloods cells and quantity of hemoglobin in blood. The level of hemoglobin in the blood is widely accepted as the method for diagnosing anemia. Various hemoglobin values have been proposed for the diagnosis of anemia in pregnancy. Anemia in pregnancy is defined by WHO as a hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dL.1 However, the CDC suggests a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL in the first and third trimesters and 10.5 g/dL in the second trimester as cut-off values for anemia.7 The definition proposed by WHO is most commonly used. Classification of anemia is based on etiology, red blood cell form or shape, and duration of disease. A clinically useful classification of anemia based on hemoglobin level.Material and method: search in Ovid and other electronic reverences.Results : The most common risk factors for the development of IDA in pregnancy include vegetarian diet, menstrual abnormalities prior to pregnancy, minority status, level of education sixth grade or less, high parity (risk increases three-fold in women with two to three children as opposed to nulliparous women), hyperemesis gravidarum, and poverty-level income. In a normal gestation, the total iron requirement throughout the pregnancy is approximately 1 g. Approximately 300 mg are actively transferred to the fetus and placenta, 200 mg are lost to various routes of excretion, and approximately 500 mg are incorporated (if available) into the increasing maternal hemoglobin mass. Erythropoiesis increases progressively with gestational age and returns to normal 5 weeks after delivery.Conclusion: There is an uneven distribution of iron requirements during pregnancy. Because of the absence of menstrual losses and negligible needs of the fetus, iron requirements in the first trimester are very low. Increasing amounts of iron are used during the second half of pregnancy (6–7 mg per day), and the requirement for iron is highest in the third trimester—up to 10 mg per day during the last 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy.Special attention should be given to teen pregnancies, since the body must meet the gestational requirements in addition to the needs of the growing mother. Particularly significant is the stage of the growth spurt in adolescence when iron requirements are the highest. For example, in 14-year-old girls, median iron requirements can be approximately 30% higher than that for their mothers.

Phytoplasmas are specialized prokaryotes and obligate parasites of plant and insect vectors. Because these organisms are not culturable in vitro, many of the conventional phenotypic tests used for the taxonomy of cultured maillots are not applicable to phytoplasmas. This indicates the importance of molecular and phylogenetic properties in relation to phenotypic properties in determining the taxonomic position of phytoplasmas. In the last decade, methods based on biology and molecular genetics (e. g., comparing the nucleotide sequence of a portion of ribosomal RNA) have made it possible to establish evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships between different isolates of phytoplasmas with each other and with other prokaryotes. The comparison of the nucleotide sequence of a part of the 16S rRNA gene or the 16S-23S and tRNA-Ile gene regions can still be used to analyze a large number of unknown (large-scale) phytoplasmas. Subgroup clustering is done using less conserved regions such as the ribosomal protein-coding gene, the 16S and 23S intergenic, the general cpn60 target gene, the SecA coding gene, the secY gene, the ribosomal protein (rp) gene, and the tuf gene.